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Water enters through the shower arm or hose connection. A washer seals the joint. Depending on the model, the inlet may contain a screen and flow-control part. Inside the body, a selector sends water to one or more chambers. The spray plate divides that water among its active nozzles, whose size, number, spacing and angle form the final pattern.

A common starting height for a wall-mounted shower head is about 80 inches (203 cm) above the finished shower floor. Do not drill from that number alone. Mock up the actual head and arm, keep the spray face above the tallest regular user, check where the spray lands, and confirm that a handheld unit can be reached and docked without pulling the hose tight.

There is no universal replace-by date for a standard, unfiltered shower head. Keep it while cleaning and simple service restore normal spray and sealing. Replace it when the housing or inlet is cracked, a body seam or swivel keeps leaking, an internal control has failed, corrosion or contamination remains inside, or performance stays poor after you have ruled out the hose, valve and water supply. A filter cartridge has its own schedule and is not the same thing as the shower head.